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浅谈齿轮箱轴承失效及应对措施

2024-02-20

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齿轮箱为风机驱动系统核心部件之一,其正常的运行对于风机降低故障率、减少停机时间、提高发电量起着至关重要的作用,而轴承作为风电齿轮箱的重要组成部件,它的作用是不容忽视的。在常期的运转过程中,轴承会出现各式各样的失效模式,而造成轴承失效的原因也是多种多样的。本期,小编将与大家交流与分享轴承的失效模式以及应对措施。

首先我们来总结一下轴承常见的失效模式,如下图所示:

这么多的失效模式都各有什么特征?造成的原因又是什么呢?下面我们就具体的案例进行说明:

轴承失效模式

1. 滚动疲劳接触:疲劳明显地表现为组织(微观结构)变化及材料从表面剥落(宏观结构)

2. 磨损:使用过程中,两个滑动或滚动/滑动接触表面相互作用造成材料的不断移失

3. 腐蚀:腐蚀是金属表面上一种化学反应的结果

4. 电蚀:是由于损伤电流的通过造成接触面的局部显微组织变化及材料的移失

5. 塑性变形:当应力超过材料的屈服强度而发生的永久变形

6. 开裂:当局部应力超过材料的抗拉强度极限时,裂纹产生并扩展

轴承失效的诱因

前面和大家探讨了轴承典型性失效模式,接下来我们来说一下导致轴承失效的诱因,主要有五个方面:

轴承失效的解决方法

现实应用中,绝大多数的轴承损伤是由一个主要原因引起的。但是受到检查条件苛刻、检查手段匮乏、检查人员经验不足等客观原因的限制,我们总是在轴承已经严重损坏时才发现。这也就造成了维修成本的增加。威能极作为资深的风电齿轮箱生产厂家,在轴承计算、选型、使用和维护上一直秉承着标准。在轴承的设计选型、安装工艺、现场检测和更换维修方面都有着独到的见解和应对方案。可以帮助用户实现现场维修更换轴承、改善轴承使用寿命等迫在眉睫的需求。

来源:威能极