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Function: _error_handler
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2024-02-19
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挖掘机用柴油机在工作过程中常常由于机件磨损松旷、修理质量不高、调整不当等原因而发出各种异响。
准确判断异常响声并及时排除故障，对于保证挖掘机的良好技术状态和安全使用有非常重要的作用。
判断柴油机异响的方法有经验法和仪器测试法两种。
在油路和润滑良好的情况下，应首先判明异响是来自内部还是外部，在内、外部均有多种异响的情况下，一般采用先外后内、先易后难的顺序。若外部响声干扰时，可放松联动皮带，停止外部总成的工作。判断内部异响一般在加机油口处直接听，或者用胶管、听音器等查听。
1、活塞敲缸这是一种与作功次数相一致的金属敲击声。
原因是活塞与气缸壁磨损，配合间隙超过一定限度或因连杆弯扭，使活塞往复运动换向时摆动，敲击气缸壁而发出响声;机油压力低，或者主轴承上油槽的深度和宽度不够标准而影响气缸壁的激溅润滑，润滑不良会引起敲缸响声。
维护与修理不当，如维护时连杆轴承选配过紧，会使活塞在运动中摆动而发出响声。
修理时活塞座孔过紧，活塞受热后会出现反椭圆，从而使活塞与气缸失去正常配合发出响声;另外活塞锥度不符合标准或“偏缸”也会引起敲缸响声。
低温、怠速时，敲缸响声明显;逐缸断火，响声会并减弱或消失，可判断该缸敲缸。由于连杆铜套和活塞座孔铰偏、连杆弯扭、曲轴主轴颈和连杆轴颈的轴线不平行度超标以及镗缸时纵向倾斜等引起的敲缸响声，一般在柴油机高温、高速时，响声才明显。断油试验，响声无明显变化。在柴油机外部的一侧导音听，响声明显，并略有振动感，尤其活塞顶捶击气缸垫时，用螺丝刀等触及缸盖时振动感更明显。
低温时出现活塞敲缸响声，而温度升高后响声消失，是允许存在的，可不予排除。而对于柴油机工作温度正常后仍有明显敲缸响声的故障，则应及时查明原因予以排除。
2、连杆轴承异响这是一种较重而短短的金属敲击声。
中速时响声明显，高速时因其他杂音干扰不明显。除配合副的正常磨损外，主要原因是轴承合金烧蚀、脱落和早期磨损。轴承烧蚀的原因较多，如轴承配合过紧、轴承瓦背滚动、机油压力过低、润滑油路被堵、柴油机超负荷工作、长时间高速空转、寒冷地区冬季不经加温而强行启动并猛加油门等，都会造成轴承烧蚀。轴承合金脱落，多因轴承浇铸质量不高或配合间隙过大，在活塞连杆组惯性力作用下轴承合金会被滚轧而脱落。
修刮轴承后，研磨时如用杠杆大力转动，使轴承合金的结构受到破坏，也会造成使用中脱落。造成轴承早期磨损的原因有，轴承和轴颈的加工表面粗糙度不符合要求，轴颈的不圆柱度误差大、润滑油内的机械杂质较多等。连杆轴承盖固定螺钉松动和折断，也是轴异响的原因。中速范围内作加、减速试验(轻轰油门)，有连续的敲击声、响声随转速的升高而变大。
严重时，在柴油机周围可听到“哒、哒、哒”的响声。可将转速定在响声明显位置，逐缸断火试验。若某缸断油时，响声随断油立即减弱或消失，供油后，响声又出现并且响声强烈，强音过后又复原，即为该缸连杆轴承响。
此类响声冷启动时，增大柴油机负荷时，响声会随着负荷的增大而加剧。行驶中，加速增挡或上陡坡加大油门时，响声亦会变大。当轴承合金烧蚀脱落或间隙大到严重程度时，不论任何转速或负荷，在柴油机周围均可听到这种响声。
3、主轴承异响此响声比连杆轴承响声沉重而发闷，并随柴油机转速的升高而变大，中速向高速过渡时响声明显，随负荷的增大而加剧。
挖掘机在大负荷或上坡时，响声明显增大。当主轴承合金烧蚀、脱落，或者主轴承间隙过大的情况下，提高转速时柴油机会抖动。原因多是早期磨损松旷、曲轴轴向间隙过大等。曲轴主轴承异响严重时，不仅会造成轴颈烧蚀，甚至会导致曲轴断裂。因此，一旦确定曲轴主轴承异响后，应及时排除。
（来源：网络）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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