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2025-05-14
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一、喉口衬套
喉口衬套（throat bushing）也称为喉部衬套、泄压衬套，根据API 610的定义，其装在密封与叶轮之间，在轴套（或轴）周围构成细小节流间隙的装置。
喉口衬套通常由泵制造商提供，作为泵的一部分。根据 API 610和API 682，喉口衬套位于密封装置和叶轮之间，它与转轴（或者轴套）的外表面之间形成较小的间隙。由泵制造商提供的喉口衬套作为泵端盖或者密封腔的一部分，其材料要符合泵的相关标准（如API610附录 H 中的规定）。通常喉口衬套的材料的选择可以从青铜到超级双相不锈钢，选择材料的考虑因素是衬套所接触的泵送流体和与它靠近部件材料的兼容性。
注：并非所有的离心泵都设计有喉口衬套，在某些资料中也将喉口衬套称为节流衬套或阻流环。
API 682规定浮动喉口衬套安装在轴（或者轴套）的外径侧，其外表面处要有足够的间隙，使它可以在随着旋转件旋转时同时实现径向的浮动或滑动。密封卖方可以根据以下因素提供安装密封腔底部的固定或者浮动的喉口衬套：
a )改善密封腔的隔离性：使用浮动衬套能够减少泵腔和密封腔之间的流体流动，因而可以改善产品温度裕量。在采用冲洗方案23时应配合使用浮动喉口衬套。
b )降低外部冲洗流量：浮动喉口衬套同冲洗方案32一起使用时，流体流动的间隙减小，可以降低外部冲洗液的总量。作为节流装置用于维持密封腔压力在一定值，或作为隔离装置将泵腔中的泵送流体和密封腔的冲洗流体隔离开。
c ）增加密封腔压力:浮动喉口衬套同冲洗方案11、21、31和41一起使用时，介质的温度裕量增加，可以增加密封腔压力。
采用降低冲洗液温度和密封腔流体温度的方法总是好于通过采用浮动喉口衬套来增加密封腔压力的方法。为了限制流量和提高密封腔的压力而安装喉口衬套，可能会产生磨损，当发生磨损时会导致密封腔压力降低并减小产品温度裕量。一般情况下，泵制造商提供固定的喉口衬套，而密封制造商提供的喉口衬套通常是浮动式喉口衬套。
二、节流衬套
API 682定义的节流衬套，是安装在密封装置的大气侧，它与轴套（轴）之间形成一个比较小的间隙。节流衬套通常安装在密封端盖上，由密封卖方提供。标准的节流衬套材料是石墨，但是也使用不产生火花的金属材料（如青铜）和其他非金属材料。节流衬套是密封泄漏控制系统的基础元件之一。
对于系列1密封，标准的节流衬套结构是固定、整体式石墨节流衬套，也可以是浮动式节流衬套。对于系列2和系列3密封，标准结构是浮动、整体式石墨节流衬套。浮动式石墨节流衬套可以是整体或分瓣式的结构设计。节流衬套适用于所有的布置方式1密封，但是对于布置方式2和布置方式3密封，很少需要采用节流衬套。
浮动式节流衬套的泄漏率大于抑制密封，但是对于限制泄漏或成封闭的泄漏空间来说也是足够小的。节流衬套非常适用于急冷（吹扫）的泄漏限制（冲洗方案62)，也比较适合用于密封泄漏检测系统（即冲洗方案65A,65B,66A或者66B)。
来源：加氢设备工程师
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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