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2024-10-28
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Function: _error_handler
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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昊志机电
润滑脂渗漏是机器人常见故障之一,渗漏将引起减速器少油、断油,使齿轮啮合面磨损加剧,进而导致机器人精度保持性差,更严重的后果可能会导致机器人事故,造成终端用户的经济损失。
另外,渗漏对环境造成污染,严重影响工厂6S建设,也会腐蚀基础设备。
目前,很多机器人本体厂商给出的解决办法之一就是用抹布擦除,这不仅增加作业人员维护的工作量,也是治标不治本。
那如何才能根除润滑脂渗漏问题呢?首先,我们需要分析减速器渗漏原因,然后再逐一提出解决方案。
谐波减速器渗漏原因
(1)减速器内外压力差
在减速器工作过程中,内部的各种摩擦副产生大量热量,导致内部温度升高、压力增大,在压差的作用下,润滑脂从缝隙中渗漏。减速器内部温升越高,渗漏的风险越大。
(2)油封结构设计不合理
例如,油封产生泵吸效应的前提是接触压力峰值要靠近油侧,当压力峰值靠近空气侧时,油侧压力梯度小于空气侧压力梯度,油封一定会发生泄漏。
(3)油封材料选择不对
如油封材料选择不合理,在高温作用下,油脂会加速橡胶的溶解,导致密封早期失效。另外,如果密封材料选择不恰当,可能导致密封轴早期磨损,发生泄漏现象。
(4)润滑脂选择不合理
润滑脂选择须按摩擦副的类型、工况、工作状态、环境条件和供脂方式等的不同而有所区别。选择不合理则会加速磨损,甚至造成设备故障。
(5)制造、装配工艺过程管控不严格
如注油量、密封轴的光洁度及倾斜、油封装配不正确等现象均可造成减速器渗漏。
昊志针对渗漏问题的解决方案
(1)降低减速器的温升
那么如何才能降低减速器温升?答案是需要提升齿形设计,改善齿轮的啮合状况。
行业内各家减速器厂家对此都有不同的理解和设计,最终的目的就是提升齿形啮合的齿数。广州市昊志机电股份有限公司(简称昊志机电)在对IH齿形以及曲线映射理论进行充分研究的基础上进行谐波减速器齿形设计,正向设计开发SP谐波齿形及凸轮廓曲线,并取得国家发明专利。SP齿形确保同时啮合的齿数可达总齿数的30%以上。
此外,要提升齿轮加工能力,如提高齿轮精度等级、齿面粗糙度等,降低摩擦生热。
昊志谐波减速器齿面实拍图片
(2)提升齿面的润滑能力,降低摩擦发热
提升油膜的缠绕效果:对传动件产生缠绕性的油膜,降低了传动件的磨损,提升油膜强度后可降低温升。另外,油膜的缠绕效果对于阻隔渗漏作用明显。
轴承效应:昊志机电专用润滑脂中独有纳米级别的特殊成分,可以渗透到部件间的每一个角落而不会引起粘度变化。另外,纳米级特殊成分起到细微轴承的作用,利用轴承效应,将滑动摩擦转变为滚动摩擦,从而最大限度地降低阻力、抑制温升,防止基础油劣化。
(3)密封设计
油封设计主要考虑润滑、密封和泵吸三种机制。油膜厚度、接触载荷、接触宽度、油封唇角、转速和弹簧偏移量等都对泵吸效应产生影响。只有当油侧唇角大于空气侧唇角时才存在泵吸,密封效果最佳;当油侧唇角小于空气侧唇角时,一定会泄漏。
另外,普通材料的油封在高温下长期使用容易产生老化等现象,因而油封材料的选择至关重要。
相对于市场上的普通产品,昊志机电谐波油封采用全新的结构设计理念,优选高性能高分子材料,按工况要求经过大量高温老化测试,密封性能大幅度提升。
(4)密封轴设计
密封轴的光洁度、倾斜问题是导致泄露的因素之一。要想保证产品一致性,产品生产过程管控能力及加工能力是个考验。
昊志机电智能制造无人生产车间,严 格执行ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系,并配备世界顶级检测设备,为产品生产的一致性提供坚实质量保障。
密封轴的表面越光滑,摩擦系数越小,产生的热量越少,在降低温度的同时减小了启动扭矩。昊志机电密封轴严格按Ra≤0.1μm要求进行管控。
(5)密封材料
选择油封的材料时,必须考虑材料对工作介质、工作温度及唇缘在轴高速旋转时的适应性等因素。
市场上通用的NBR、PTFE等密封材质,缺点明显,如耐高温、耐磨、耐腐性能差,伸缩性和弹性较差,跟随性差,低温环境下安装容易破裂等。
昊志机电定制开发的油封,油封橡胶唇口处添加了特殊材料,使产品在使用中摩擦更小,轴转动更轻,封口处更耐高低温、耐磨擦。
来源:中国机床工具工业协会
(版权归原作者或机构所有)
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