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2024-10-23
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汽轮机油俗称透平油，透平是汽轮机"turbine"一词的英文译音。汽轮机油主要用于润滑汽轮发电机组和水轮发电机组的滑动轴承、减速齿轮与调速器以及用作液压系统的工作介质。
此外汽轮机油还广泛用于大、中型船舶、军舰的汽轮机、工业燃气轮机以及涡轮压缩机、涡轮冷冻机、涡轮鼓风机、涡轮增压器、涡轮泵等的润滑。
今天我们来说说汽轮机油常见的一些问题。
汽轮机油乳化问题
1. 乳化汽轮机油对运行机组润滑系统的影响
破坏油膜、增加部件间的摩擦，引起轴承过热，加速金属部件的腐蚀和油质的劣化速度，容易产生油泥。
2. 汽轮机油发生乳化的原因
油的抗乳性能是用破乳化时间来衡量的，破乳化时间越短，说明油的抗乳化能力越强，当油的破乳化时间超过60min后，说明油已乳化。运行油的破乳化时间指标是30min。
如果汽轮机油中含有乳化剂和水，运行油就可能会乳化，油中的乳化剂一般产生于油的劣化变质所形成的大分子产物，也有少数由外界引入的表面活性物质（如洗涤用品中含有的）造成了油质的乳化。
颗粒度超标问题
1. 颗粒度超标对运行机组润滑系统的影响
汽轮机油中的颗粒度超标，可能会堵塞系统滤网,而且其中的硬质颗粒会引起轴颈轴瓦的严重磨损，甚至划出很深的沟槽。金属颗粒对油质劣化有催化作用。
2. 颗粒污染来源
对汽轮机油的污染颗粒分析表明，固体颗粒有金属屑、金属氧化物、灰尘、纤维和油泥，其中油泥来源于运行油自身劣化变质的产物，金属屑来源于油泵等部件的磨损。
泡沫超标问题
1. 汽轮机油泡沫超标对润滑系统的影响
由于汽轮机润滑系统的油，是强迫循环方式，流量较大，空气激烈的搅动，油面上会产生泡沫，油中也会产生气泡。
气泡进入油泵会引起油泵的汽蚀现象，使油泵油压上不去而影响油的循环，破坏油膜，发生磨损；如果油泵吸油口的泡太多，有可能引起油泵的供油压力的脉动导致油路振动；泡沫严重时油箱顶部外溢，威胁机组的安全运行。
2. 泡沫超标的原因
泡沫超标的原因可能有四个：
第一、油在运行中由于劣化变质产生的劣化产物中有易于起泡沫的成分。
第二、油在运行和劣化过程中消耗了油中原有的抗泡沫成份。
第三、在清洁油系统过程中使用了清洁剂，使清洁剂中的发泡成分残留在油中导致泡沫超标。
第四、润滑油箱在负压下，有可能使空气中的石棉粉尘及尘埃等不洁物质进入油中造成油质污染。
酸值超标的问题
1. 酸值超标的危害
酸值是反映汽轮机油劣化变质程度的一项化学指标。酸值升高说明汽轮机油发生了劣化，产生了酸性物质。
酸值越高，其升高的速度也就越快。油中劣化生成的酸性产物会不同程度的影响油的破乳化度、颗粒度、泡沫和空气释放值等性能。
同时高酸值的油对金属部件有腐蚀作用，运行中油的酸值应控制在0.2mgKOH/g（加防锈剂的汽轮机油酸值应控制在0.3mgKOH/g）以内。
2. 酸值超标的原因
酸值超标一般有两方面的原因，一是油质差，就是运行油的抗氧化能力下降甚至丧失，导致油的酸值急剧上升；二是用油系统存在过热或局部过热现象，导致酸值的逐渐升高。
（来源：网络）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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