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2024-10-16
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作者：王占光
（智慧水泥）
窑头冷风进入窑内，不但破坏了入窑的气体流场，且和二次风混合后，降低了二次风温，在不利于燃烧的同时，也增加了煤耗。
窑尾漏风危害更大，不但降低了尾温，增加了煤耗，还极易造成结皮，影响通风，还影响着产量、质量的发挥，即由于漏风增大了高温风机的负荷，同样条件下高温风机拉废气的量减少，会严重影响系统能力的发挥。所以危害很大，必须予以重视。
同样窑头、窑尾的漏料危害也不小.首先污染环境，其次危害密封件的寿命。
下面根据笔者的经验谈谈降低窑头、窑尾漏风、漏料的方法与措施，望能起到借鉴作用。
对于窑头尾的密封形式，现在以接触式为主。一是径向接触式密封，由装在窑上的摩擦圈、弹性薄板（鱼鳞片）及涨紧装置组成。轴向式密封主要有固定和活动摩擦环及气缸或弹簧装置组成。
一、径向式密封的减漏措施
1.保证摩擦圈与窑的连接可靠，保证运转稳定。在安装摩擦圈时，无论窑的径向跳动如何，要以摩擦圈的径向跳动为准来找正，控制其径向跳动小于12毫米。
2.摩擦圈与鱼鳞板接触的范围内不得有焊瘤、凸台、凹坑凹槽，焊缝需打磨平整，防止运行中挂坏鱼鳞片和鱼鳞的抖动造成漏风漏料。
3.摩擦圈与窑头护铁要扣和严实，防止冷却风进入，也防止热风外串对窑筒体及摩擦圈造成伤害。
4.摩擦圈与鱼鳞片之间可适当润滑，减少磨损。
5.要保证窑的正常串动，避免将摩擦圈磨成凹槽，一旦形成台阶，在窑串动时就会折坏鱼鳞片。
6.必须保证摩擦圈与筒体的冷风冷却，防止摩擦圈变形引起不必要的漏风漏料。
7.鱼鳞片涨紧适当。以能把鱼鳞片与摩擦圈紧密贴合为准，不要过紧。不然磨损较快。
8.在窑头尾安装鱼鳞片的喇叭口处要设置排灰装置，保证在摩擦圈与鱼鳞片之间有集灰时能够及时排出，以避免集料对密封的破坏，避免局部密封不良引起漏风漏料。同时也要在排灰管上装锁风阀，避免冷风从此处进入。
9.当发现鱼鳞片有发生歪斜及其它方面变形时，要及时修整或更换。
10.当发现摩擦圈有磨穿迹象或磨损较多时，应计划更换，否则会挂怀密封。
11.一旦发现摩擦圈运行不稳定，必须查明原因进行处理，可能是窑与摩擦圈的连接失效所致。
12.及时排出密封处的集灰，防止蹩坏鱼鳞片。
二、轴向摩擦密封的防漏措施
1.固定摩擦圈要固定牢靠，不得有松动现象，避免晃荡漏风漏料。
2.保证活动摩擦圈轴向活动灵活，可做必要的润滑，防止卡滞造成密封不严，漏料漏风。
3.保证气缸活动自如，能够及时施压，保证摩擦环紧密贴合。
4.发现摩擦圈上的摩擦片损坏或磨薄后，要及时处理。
5.保证摩擦圈之间的润滑，不得发生干磨，否则会磨损较快。
6.发现集灰及时清理，避免损坏摩擦片，等等。
结束语
窑头尾的漏风漏料危害较大，除了对密封装置本身严格要求外，系统管理也需要跟的上。比如窑尾部结圈后，物料的堆积会造成漏料，危害密封装置；窑尾斜坡下料不顺造成物料大囤积，也会造成密封处漏料，且影响密封装置的运行；窑头也要防止蓖冷机热端集料，若集料过高，会漏入密封处造成密封损坏等。
另外，各单位对于密封部件的命名也不尽相同，比照理解就好；再者，由于本人水平有限，错误或不适之处难免，敬请批评指正。
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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