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如何来测量泵轴弯曲度?

2024-10-14

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1.泵轴检修

高压水泵结构精密,动、静部分之间间隙小,转子的转速高,轴的负荷重,因此对轴的要求严格。轴的弯曲度一般不允许超过0.05mm,否则应进行直轴工作。解体后若发现泵轴有下列情况之一时,应更换新轴。轴的表面有裂纹;轴的表面有被高速水流冲刷而出现较深的沟痕,尤其是在键槽处,轴弯曲很大,经多次直轴而又弯曲。对于泵轴个别部位有拉毛或磨损肘,可采用热喷涂或涂镀工艺进行修复。

2、轴弯曲测量

测量轴弯曲时,应在室温状态下进行。大部分轴可在平板或平整的水泥地上,将轴颈两端支撑在滚珠架或V形铁上进行测量,而重型轴如汽轮机转子轴,一般在本体的轴承上进行。测量前应将轴向窜动限制在0.1mm以内。

3、测量轴弯曲的步骤如下:

(1)将轴沿轴向等分成若干测段,测量表面应尽量选择在正圆没有磨损和毛刺的光滑轴段。

(2)将轴的端面分成若干等份(一般为八等份)。带联轴器的轴,可按联轴器的螺栓孔等分,如下图(a);没有联轴器的轴,以键槽为起点等分,如下图(b);并作上永久性记号。等分点作为测点,以后的一切测量记录都应与这些记号一致。

(3)将百分表装在测量位置上(最好在每个测段都装一百分表),测量杆要垂直轴线,其中心通过轴心,如下图所示,将表的大针调到“50”处,把小针调到量程中间,然后缓缓将辅转动一圈,表针应回到始点。

(4)将轴按同一方向缓慢地转动,依次测出各点读数,并作好记录,下图共有5个测量断面,每个断面测8点。测量时各断面应测两次,以便校对,每次转动的角度应一致,读数误差应小于0.005mm。

(5)根据记录,算出各断面的弯曲值。取同一断面内相对两点的差值的一半,绘制相位图,如下图所示。

(6)将同一轴向断面的弯曲值,列入直角座标系。纵座标表示弯曲值,横座标表示轴全长和各测量断面间的距离。根据向位图的弯曲值可连成两条直线,两直线的交点为近似最大弯曲点,然后在该点两边多测几点,将测得各点连成平滑曲线与两直线相切,构成一条轴的弯曲曲线,如下图所示。

(来源:电厂检修人)

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