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2024-09-18
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简述轴承座密封的作用。
（1）当轴承座周围是大气时，防止润滑油漏出。
（2）当轴承座周围是高压气体时，减少周围气体的漏入。
什么是油封？简述油封的结构及密封原理。
机组工作时，轴承座中充满油雾，润滑油从滑动轴承排出时，有一部分贴着轴的表面沿轴向流动。当轴承座周围是大气时，密封的作用是阻止油雾及沿轴向表面流动的润滑油漏出。该密封称为油封。油封具有密封齿，依靠齿尖处小的径向间隙来减少油雾漏出。为保证密封效果，油封处直径比轴颈处略大形成台阶，并配以劈尖或凸环将油甩出。在油封的流道中，有1-2个空腔收集漏出的部分油，使之从空腔底部的小孔流回轴承座中。具体结构如图1所示。有些油封上设有构形槽如图1（c）（d）所示，称为挡油环，可收集壁上润滑油，使其流至底部，而不是直接滴在轴上增加封油效果。
图1 油封结构示意图
引气封气的油封如何工作？
当轴承座要求有良好密封且不让润滑油漏出，以免发生火灾时，通常采用气封。引压气机中小股空气至油封的一个空腔，该压力高于轴承座中的压力，分成两股，一股经油封漏至大气，另一股经油封漏入轴承座，图1(a)和(b)所示。如果轴承座的一端是进气机匣油封，油封应采用有封气的结构,避免润滑油漏入压气机造成叶片积垢。
什么是轴封的密封空气，作用是什么？
当轴承座被压力较高而温度不太高的气体包围时，油封起到汽封的作用用以减少空气漏入；当轴承座周围的空气温度较高时，也应设法阻止高温气体漏入轴承座。通常解决的办法是从压气机引一股压力及温度均较低的空气来阻止高温气体漏入轴承座，该种引自压气机、压力温度较低的气体称为密封空气或缓冲空气。密封分为三段，缓冲空气分两股，均形成气封，一股密封内部润滑油，另一股被引出密封外部高温空气。
来源：余热发电技术
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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