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2024-08-26
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软脚是旋转机械定位不正确时发生的一种情况，特别是当机器底座、框架或底板的一个或多个“脚”未与其他脚进行相同的点接触时。可以将其想象为椅子，其四个腿之一比其他三个短。
当这种情况发生在一台完全运转且皮带拉紧的机器上时，机器的框架会在被拉向底座时发生扭曲。结果往往是机器严重磨损和损坏。
软足有四种类型，其中两种是最常见的疾病，另外两种是继发性疾病：
1、当脚未到达底座并在脚和底座之间产生间隙时，就会出现平行软脚。
这种情况可能是最常见也是最容易检测到的。当螺栓拧紧时，机器的框架会在被拉向底板时发生扭曲并产生不对中。通常可以通过简单地添加正确厚度的垫片来纠正。
2、成角度的软脚是由于机器脚的脚外侧或内侧接触底座而导致脚的另一侧弯曲，从而在底座和脚底之间形成角度。
成角软脚的诊断通常比较复杂，因为它是以一定角度发生的。
3、压脚是由于机器支脚下垫片过多或腐蚀或碎片过多造成的。
这种情况在校准前松开螺栓进行初步检查后很常见，因为沉积物和碎片会堆积。这种问题经常发生，特别是如果机器已经长期拧紧并且在螺栓松动之前已经运行了数月或数年。
4、外力是由应力引起的外力（例如管道应变、电气连接或与刚性联轴器相结合的严重不对中）引起的软脚。
这种类型的软脚最难诊断，并且可能发生在机器对中期间的任何时刻。
泵对中的重要性
泵和电机的联轴器所连接的两根轴的旋转中心应严格的同心，联轴器在安装时必须精确地找正、对中，否则将会在联轴器上引起很大的应力，并将严重地影响轴、轴承和轴上其他零件的正常工作，甚至引起整台机器和基础的振动或损坏等。
因此，泵和电机联轴器的找正是安装和检修过程中很重要的工作环节之一。
02.联轴器找正是偏移情况的分析
在安装新泵时，对于联轴器端面与轴线之间的垂直度可以不作检查，但安装旧泵时，一定要仔细地检查，发现不垂直时要调整垂直后再进行找正。一般情况下，可能遇到的有以下四种情形。
1）S1=S2，a1=a2 两半靠背轮端面是处于既平行又同心的正确位置，这时两轴线必须位于一条直线上。
2）S1=S2，a1≠a2 两半靠背轮端面平行但轴线不同心，这时两轴线之间有平行的径向位移e=(a2-a1)/2。
3）S1≠S2，a1=a2 两半靠背轮端面虽然同心但不平行，两轴线之间有角向位移α4）、S1≠S2，a1≠a2 两半靠背轮端面既不同心又不平行，两轴线之间既有径向位移e又有角向位移α。
联轴器处于第一种情况是我们在找正中需要努力达到的理想状态，而其他三种状态都不正确，需要我们进行调整，使其达到第一种情况。
在安装设备时，首先把从动机（即常说的泵头）安装好，使其轴线处于水平位置，然后再安装主动机（即常说的电机），所以找正时只需要调整电机，即在电机的支脚下面加调整垫片的方法来调节。
来源：机泵与轴承
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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