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如何消除卧式多级泵的轴向力?

2024-08-02

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一、多级泵的轴向力:

1、轴向力产生的原因

因吸排液口压力不等也使并非完全对称的叶轮两侧所受液体压力不等,从而产生了轴向力。叶轮两侧液体压力假如不计轴的截面积,也不考虑叶轮旋转对压力分布的影响,则作用在叶轮上的力为圆盘受的力和轮盖受的力的差值,转化为计算式就是出口压力和进口压力差值与叶轮轮盖的面积的乘积,因为出口压力始终大于进口压力,所以当多级泵旋转起来就一定有了一个沿轴并指向入口的力作用在转子上。

多级泵轴向力平衡示意图

2、轴向力产生的问题

不平衡的轴向力会加重推力轴承的工作负荷,对轴承不利,同时轴向力使泵转子向吸入口窜动,造成振动并可能使叶轮口环摩擦使泵体损坏。

 二、正确消除多级泵的轴向力:

对于多级泵来说,一般出口压力远大于入口压力,所以用平衡盘来消除轴向力就显得尤其重要,如何消除轴向力呢?

1、多级泵一般采用的是平衡盘、平衡鼓和叶轮的对称安装,单级泵一般是在叶轮上开平衡孔,当然还有在叶轮上安装平衡叶片的方式来平衡轴向力。

2、虽然我们要求的是消除轴向力,但假如完全消除了也会造成转子在旋转中的不稳定,所以在设计的时候,会设计出25~30%的量让轴承来抵消,这就是为什么多级泵非驱动端轴承通常都是角接触轴承的原因,因为它可以用来承受很大的轴向力。这样让多级泵的转子部件时刻达到动态平衡。

3、多级泵也有通过调整级间的间隙来实现动态平衡轴向力。该方法已经慢慢在多级泵领域内推广使用。

来源:网络

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