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2024-07-22
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作者：陈风
回转窑是水泥熟料的煅烧设备，其热工制度稳定与否，直接影响着产品的质量和数量。从工艺角度来说就是要保持平衡，也就是说要保持空气量,燃料量和物料量的一定比例关系。回转窑是在负压下操作的，凡是有空隙的地方，空气就要进入，尤其在回转窑与其他设备衔接处，吸入大量冷空气，平衡就遭到破坏，窑内空气携带物料外泄，严重影响生产环境，造成浪费，为了解决这个矛盾，就需要采取密封措施。本文就回转窑窑尾密封结构作一些探讨。
一、复合柔性密封的原理
复合柔性密封结构是在生产实践中逐步发展形成的，其前身是迷宫式密封结构，因为迷宫式密封简单，没有接触面，不存在磨损问题，同时不受筒体串动的影响，所以在早期的回转窑中广泛的使用这种结构，但是随着回转窑使用的年限增加，并其长期处在复杂且恶劣的工况下，窑体既回转又上下窜动, 有时还出现弯曲，窑体端部摆动，单一的迷宫式密封很难有效的保持良好的密封效果；在此基础上，在迷宫密封的外侧增加了一套复合柔性装置，这使得在原有密封结构外又增加一道防护，使得密封效果大大提高，密封的使用寿命也有显著的增加。
二、复合柔性密封结构的分析
1.迷宫式密封
迷宫式密封的基本结构形式有径向和轴向两种，密封件主要由静止迷宫环和活动迷宫环构成，前者固定在不动的构筑物上，后者则固定在筒体上，由于空气通过弯曲的通道，产生流体阻力，从而减少漏气量，这种形式主要优点是结构简单，没有金属接触，因而不易磨损。为了避免动、静密封圈在运动中发生接触，考虑到筒体的热胀冷缩、串动、弯曲、径向跳动等因素，迷宫式密封不论在径向和轴向的预留间隙都不可太小，因此迷宫式密封最大缺点是密封效果不理想，图1是迷宫式密封的原理图。
图1. 迷宫式密封结构
2.复合柔性密封
随着水泥技术及工艺的发展，原有的迷宫式密封结构发生了很大的变化，由于原有的迷宫结构存在上述的缺点，因此复合密封结构在迷宫外围增加了一组复合柔性结构，由于原有的迷宫式密封分为径向和轴向两种类型，相同的，复合柔性密封也分为径向复合柔性密封盒轴向复合柔性密封两种结构，基本结构图2所示：
图2.径向复合柔性密封结构
1-回料斗；2-密封板；3-支撑板；4-复合材料；5-法兰
图2. 轴向复合柔性密封结构
1-筒体；2-回料斗；3-弹簧板；4-密封板；5-箱型法兰；6-法兰
这种改进的复合柔性密封结构是在原有的迷宫结构外围又增加了一组柔性装置，柔性装置是由内外两层高温耐磨材料组成，高温耐磨材料除了可以抵御回转窑产生的高温，又可以保证在与回转窑转动接触过程中材料的性能，从而使得密封结构稳定的工作；复合材料中间添加了硅铝酸纤维或碳硅铝复合材料，这既可以保证复合材料耐受高温的侵蚀，又可以很好的阻隔空气及一些微小的粉尘颗粒，因此，复合柔性密封在原有的迷宫外，又添加一道密封防护，空气和物料不容易外泄，起到双重防护，密封的效果更好。这种使得复合柔性密封结构应用的更加广泛。
三、总结
上述分析了复合柔性密封的原理，特点。以前复合柔性密封结构往往只用于窑头使用，而窑尾常使用石墨块或汽缸式密封结构，由于复合柔性密封性能优越，价格适中，现在很多厂家都在窑尾也采用了复合柔性密封结构，并取得了很好的密封效果，其中，复合柔性迷宫密封结构在皖维5000t/d生产线运行了7年，各项性能良好。综上所述，复合柔性密封结构有着其独特的优越性能和特点。
来源：《四川水泥》
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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