Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
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File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
2024-04-08
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
摘 要:离合器打滑将造成拖拉机不能正常工作,从造成离合器打滑故障的原因谈起,提出了故障的诊断排除方法,以提高拖拉机的使用性能。
离合器是传动系的主要部件,位于发动机与变速箱之间。驾驶员通过操纵机构操纵离合器,使之分离或结合,以便切断或接合发动机传向后桥的动力,实现车辆起步、变速、停车等运动状况的变化。在车辆使用过程中,离合器的使用相当频繁,随着行驶里程的增加,离合器的零件不可避免地会发生磨损或损坏,致使离合器的技术状态变差而出现故障。因此及时正确地发现和排除离合器的故障,对车辆行驶的安全性、操纵性、舒适性至关重要。
拖拉机上一般都采用摩擦式离合器,离合器打滑是离合器使用中常见故障之一。如果离合器所能传递的扭矩比额定值小,工作时离合器就容易打滑。离合器所能传递的扭矩取决于摩擦表面间所能产生的扭矩,它的大小受摩擦表面的总面积(从动盘的大小和数量)、摩擦力的作用半径(环形摩擦表面的平均半径)、摩擦表面间的压紧力和摩擦系数等因素的影响。在上述诸因素中,从动盘的大小和数量是不变的,但余下的几个因素将随着离合器技术状态的变化而变化。
1 离合器打滑的征象
离合器踏板的自由行程减小或消失,拖拉机在刚起步时行动缓慢,超负荷时突然停车。当滑转时间过长,摩擦片相互间因强烈摩擦产生高热高温,还会出现冒青烟和嗅到烧焦的臭味。
2 故障的原因
(1)拖拉机起步过猛或脚经常踏在离合器操纵踏板上,造成离合器摩擦片严重磨损变薄、破裂。
(2)离合器调整不当,使离合器分离轴承与分离杠杆的间隙缩小,甚至分离杠杆处于压紧状态,离合器经常处于半接合状态。
(3)从发动机或变速箱处有机油或齿轮油渗人离合器室,沾染离合器摩擦片使离合器打滑。
(4)三只分离杠杆的小端工作面与分离轴承的工作端面间隙不一致,偏差超过0.3 mm,使离合器摩擦片长期偏磨,偏磨后摩擦表面总面积减小,离合器打滑。
(5)摩擦片自然磨损,致使厚度变薄,表面有铆钉头露出,或因压紧弹簧的弹力减弱等原因造成滑转。若调整和清洗后仍不能排除,应拆下离合器检查。
(6)从动盘、压盘翘曲变形,摩擦表面实际接触面积减小造成滑转。飞轮和压盘的工作表面,由于磨损而不平,或表面烧蚀产生硬化层和拉痕。
(7)离合器的后轴承座孔与前轴承座孔不同心,使离合器轴相对于曲轴中心线歪斜。离合器分离时,从动盘与飞轮和压盘工作面不平行,甚至分离不清产生偏磨。偏磨后,引起摩擦表面接触面积减小,离合器工作时容易打滑。
3 检查与排除方法
(1)首先检查离合器踏板的自由行程是否符合规定。用直尺先测量踏板在完全松开时的高度,再测量踏板被压下至感到有阻力时的高度,两者的高度差即为踏板的自由行程。这一行程是由分离轴承与分离杠杆间的间隙产生的。因此,当自由行程不符合要求时,可用改变操纵机构调整拉杆的长度,使分离轴承前后移动以改变分离杠杆内端的间隙来进行调整。自由行程过小时,缩短拉杆使轴承后移,间隙增大,自由行程也随之增大。反之,伸长拉杆使自由行程减小。
离合器经检修装复后,初次调整踏板自由行程时,为使调整迅速和准确有效,应先将调整拉杆调整到规定长度,再把摇臂正确地安装在分离拨叉轴上。其安装方法是先转动拨叉轴使拨叉置于垂直位置,再将摇臂由垂直位置向后转过一个键齿后装在拨叉轴上,并用螺钉紧固。之后再按上述方法检查调整踏板的自由行程。
(2)若离合器踏板的自由行程符合规定,要拆下离合器检视孔盖,从检视孔检查离合器从动片周边的清洁状况,若有油污甩出痕迹应进一步拆检。检查放油螺塞和离合器室等处,找出油的来源,并加以排除。同时应向离合器室内加人汽油或煤油清洗摩擦片。
摩擦片分两次清洗,第一次:先向离合器室内加入汽油或煤油,启动发动机运转几分钟后放出脏油。第二次再加入汽油或煤油,启动发动机,分离离合器,清洗摩擦片上的油污,清洗于净后放出脏油,待摩擦片上的油挥发后再接合离合器。
(3)若清洗了油污后仍然打滑,要分解离合器;若摩擦片严重磨损变薄,要更换摩擦片;若铆钉头露出,也要更换摩擦片;铆钉松动,应重新铆紧。弹簧的弹力经检验不合格的,则要换新件。
如果从动盘、压盘翘曲变形,应修复或更换变形零件。从动盘摩擦衬片翘曲时,可以用开水或蒸气加热待其变软后压平。对飞轮和压盘的工作表面不平,或表面烧蚀产生硬化层和拉痕,应进行修磨以消除表面的平面度、拉痕和硬化层,必要时可更换新品。匕轮和压盘修磨后,应采取相应的措施,以保证摩擦表面间的压紧力不变。
(4)装配离合器时(以东方红802为例),首先用专用心轴,保证前轴承与离合器两个从动盘同心,然后拧紧离合?与飞轮的连接螺钉,这时利用两个螺母进行调整,保证三个分离杠杆端面至飞轮端面的距离为98 mm,且三个分离杠杆头部的圆弧面应位于同一个平面内,相差不得大于0.2 mm,再将调整螺母锁紧。
装完离合器后,调整离合器踏板的白由行程到20~25 mm,此时分离杠杆和分离轴承推盘之间的间隙应为2.5 mm。为了增加离合器的使用寿命,应首先保证离合器分离杠杆端面至飞轮端面的距离为98 mm,然后再保证分离杠杆和分离轴承推盘之间的间隙为2.5 mm。
(来源:西部农机网)
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 45
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\jzbearing.com\index.php
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Function: require_once