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2024-03-21
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轴承中的噪音可能是由多种因素引起，但几乎所有因素都与振动有关。我们从轴承制造、公差配合和润滑剂的选择出发来说明如何影响轴承的振动和噪音水平。
首先，轴承的异常噪音通常与轴承损坏有关。当轴承损坏时，过大的噪音是识别轴承损坏的简单方法。但是，其他应用中的轴承呢？轴承如果没有损坏是否就没有噪音或者轴承声音是否可以接受？
轴承套圈和滚动体不是完美的圆形，即使经过大量的精细研磨和抛光，滚动体和滚道也永远不会完全光滑。这些缺陷会导致不必要的振动，从而在轴承的使用寿命内损坏轴承。
滚动体或滚道粗糙或损坏、滚珠或滚道圆度差、轴承内部污染、润滑不足、不正确的轴或轴承座公差以及不正确的径向游隙都可能导致轴承振动，进而导致噪音过高。
轴承制造对声音的影响
低噪音轴承，轴承在滚珠和滚道上具有出色的表面光洁度。在制造过程中，滚珠和轴承套圈的圆度将受到非常严格的控制。轴承的平稳性或静音度可以通过加速度计来检查，加速度计测量外圈处的轴承振动，通常内圈以 1800 rpm 的速度旋转。
图：使用 ANDERON 确认轴承噪音性能
控制噪音的另一种方法是指定径向游隙，使轴承在使用时几乎为零径向游隙。如果轴或轴承座公差不正确，轴承可能太紧，这将导致噪音过大。同样，轴或轴承座圆度差会使轴承套圈变形，从而影响轴承的振动和噪音。
轴承公差配合对声音的影响
轴承配合是另一个需要考虑的重要因素。不良的配合做法会导致轴承滚道出现凹痕，从而大大增加振动。同样，轴承中的污染物也会引起不必要的振动。
润滑剂对声音的影响
为了保持低噪音，轴承必须不含污染物。如果轴承不在非常干净的环境中使用，则应考虑防尘保护，例如接触式密封件。
在质量好的轴承中，还建议使用低噪音润滑剂。这些经过精细过滤的润滑脂将使轴承由于没有较大的固体颗粒而安静地运行。
（来源：机泵与轴承）
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Hangzhou Jingzhou Bearing Co.,Ltd.
Address：Liangzhu Indystrial City Hangzhou
Service hotline：0571-88777186 88777665
Jiangsu Jingzhou Bearing Co., Ltd.
Address：No.19, Yulan Avenue, Xuyi Economic DevelopmentZone, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province
Service hotline：0517-80817777
Website：www.jzbearing.com
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